a nation is like a hierarchy, a marketplace, and a maiden.

　　a maiden wins her husband by submitting to his advances;

　　submission is a means of union.

　　so when a large country submits to a small country

　　it will adopt the small country;

　　when a small country submits to a large country

　　it will be adopted by the large country;

　　the one submits and adopts;

　　the other submits and is adopted.

　　it is in the interest of a large country to unite and gain service,

　　and in the interest of a small country to unite and gain patronage;

　　if both would serve their interests,

　　both must submit.